ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Introduction, Basic Principles and Step of Application of ISO 9001:2000

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ISO is a word derived from Greek word meaning the same (Suardi, 2003). First time ISO was founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1947. ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization. ISO is the world's standards body formed to promote international trade related to the change of goods and services. ISO can be summed up as the coordination of international labor standards, international harmonization of standards publications, and promotion of the use of international standards.

In essence, the ISO aims to harmonize national standards in each country into one of the same international standards.

ISO is used as: (Rabbit & Bergh, 1994)

• The foundation of continuous improvement activities for customer satisfaction.

• System documentation is true of the company.

• a clear and systematic way of quality management.

• Getting the stability and consistency in operations and systems.

• a good framework for quality improvement.

• more effective management practices with the authority and clear responsibilities related to the quality of processes and products.

• Guidelines for doing everything right at all times.

• How to improve productivity, efficiency, quality, competence and ability of the company.

• The requirements for doing business internationally

ISO 9000 series

There are a wide range of ISO 9000 series has a standard, guidelines, and reports summarized in it. ISO 9000 series consists of: (Suardi, 2003, p. 33-34)

• ISO 9000:2000: Fundamentals and Vocabulary, Quality Management System

• ISO 9001:2000: Quality Management System Requirements

• ISO 9004:2000: Guidelines for Performance Improvement Quality Management System

• ISO 19011: Guidance on Audit Quality Management System and Environment

Understanding ISO 9001:2000

ISO 9001:2000 is an international standard for quality management systems. ISO 9001:2000 establishes requirements and recommendations for the design and evaluation of a quality management system, which aims to ensure that the organization will deliver a product that can guarantee customer satisfaction. ISO 9001:2000 is not a standard product.

ISO 9001:2000 is the only management system standards (Gaspersz, 2001, P.1).

ISO 9001:2000 is not a product standard, for not stating the requirements that must be met by the product. ISO 9001:2000 is the only standard quality management system (Gaspersz, 2001, P.1).

The process model of ISO 9001:2000

ISO 9001:2000 process model consists of five main sections which describe the organization's management system, namely (Gaspersz, 2001, p.3):

A. Quality Management System (Clause 4 of ISO 9001:2000).

2. Management Responsibility (Clause 5 of ISO 9001:2000).

3. Resource Management (Clause 6 of ISO 9001:2000).

4. Product Realization (Clause 7 of ISO 9001:2000).

5. Analysis, Measurement, and Improvement (Clause 8 of ISO 9001:2000).

Basic principles of ISO 9001:2000

ISO 9001:2000 based on eight principles drawn up basis.

These principles are used by top management to help improve the performance of an industry or company. The following is 8 basic principles of ISO 9001:2000 (Gaspersz, 2001, p. 75-84):

A. Customer Focus

Industry or company is highly dependent on the customer. Therefore, any industry or company must understand the needs and desires of both customer needs and desires of present and future.

2. Leadership

Leaders from industry or firm must be able to set goals and direction of the industry or company. In addition, leaders from industry or the company must create and maintain the internal environment so that people can become fully involved in achieving these goals industry or company.

3. Personnel Involvement

Involvement of personnel is an important factor. By involving all personnel, benefits received by the industry or firm will be greater. These benefits are obtained when the industry or company personnel to apply the principles of engagement are:

• People in the industry or company to be motivated, committed and involved.

• People in the industry or company is more active in innovation for industrial purposes or a company is achieved.

• People in the industry or company to be responsible for their performance.

4. Process Approach

A desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and other related resources are managed as a process. One method used to approach the PDCA process. PDCA can be briefly described as follows:

• Plan: Establish objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with customer requirements

• Do: The implementation process

• Check: Monitor and measure processes against policy objectives and requirements for the product and report the results

• Action: Perform remedial action on an ongoing basis

5. Against Management System Approach

Identifying, understanding, and management, of these processes are interrelated as a system, will contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the industry or the company in achieving its goals.

6. Continuous Improvement

Continuous improvement of overall organizational performance should be a permanent objective of the organization. Improvement are constantly being made to improve the effectiveness of the organization to meet the policy goals of the organization.

7. Factual Approach in Decision Making

Efekif decision is based on analysis of data and information.

Analysis of data and information useful to eliminate the root causes of problems, so that quality issues can be resolved effectively and efficiently. should be addressed to improve organizational performance and effectiveness of quality management system implementation.

8. Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships

An industry and its suppliers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship will enhance the collective capacity to create added value.

Steps in Implementing ISO 9001:2000

This can be seen following the steps required in implementing ISO 9001:2000 (Gaspersz, 2001):

• Preparation Phase

This preparation includes the preparation of the establishment of the development team and the quality of basic training to understand the quality management system standard.

• Stage of Development

This stage involves the development of industry, activity or company, review all existing documentation and develop a quality system within an organization. Training in more detail may be needed for the training of employees in the development of quality locks. If the industry, or companies large enough scale, could be considered to use an external consultant to help prepare for the quality management system.

• Implementation Phase

The quality management system has been developed to be implemented in the actual project to be studied further in the next stage.

• Phase Audit

Audit quality management system implemented after the implementation of the running for a predetermined period of time. The purpose of the audit of the quality management system is to ensure that all operations within the organization is run in accordance with the procedure.

• Certification Stage

This stage includes the certification by an accredited Certification Body. After going through this stage, industry, or company as the official ISO certificate holder.